{"id":44643,"date":"2026-02-02T23:21:13","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T23:21:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mahaleyat.com\/jo\/?p=44643"},"modified":"2026-02-02T23:21:13","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T23:21:13","slug":"%d9%88%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a8%d9%82-%d8%a3%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mahaleyat.com\/jo\/?p=44643","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/span>\u00a0– \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 – \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621 4-2-2026 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0628\u062f .<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u061b \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a 18 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1938 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a 1989.<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
* \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u062f:<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\/ \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1957<\/div>\n
\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\/ \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643- \u0639\u0627\u0645 1962<\/div>\n
\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 1964 – 197<\/div>\n
\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 1974 – 1982<\/div>\n
\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 1982 – 1984<\/div>\n
\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1984 \u0645\u0646 (1984\/1\/10 \u062d\u062a\u0649 1985\/4\/4).<\/div>\n
\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1984 \u0648\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/div>\n
\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990<\/div>\n
\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989<\/div>\n
\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 – 1991<\/div>\n
\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 2000\/3\/23<\/div>\n
\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 2000\/8\/31<\/div>\n
\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f.<\/div>\n
\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1985<\/div>\n
\u0648\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/div>\n
\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (1974\u20131982)<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (1980\u20131984)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 (1984\u20131985)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1988)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (1990)<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n
\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 (1997<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u00a0– \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 – \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621 4-2-2026 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0628\u062f . \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u061b \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a 18 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1938 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062b\u0627<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":44644,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43,27,34,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44643","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-43","category-27","category-34","category-32"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mahaleyat.com\/jo\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44643","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mahaleyat.com\/jo\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mahaleyat.com\/jo\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mahaleyat.com\/jo\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mahaleyat.com\/jo\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=44643"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mahaleyat.com\/jo\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44643\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44645,"href":"https:\/\/mahaleyat.com\/jo\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44643\/revisions\/44645"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mahaleyat.com\/jo\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/44644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mahaleyat.com\/jo\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=44643"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mahaleyat.com\/jo\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=44643"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mahaleyat.com\/jo\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=44643"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}